The problem is that the Federation is extremely conservative about the use of AI and human enhancement, so once you drop in someone like Data and allow him equal rights, there’s a wild power mismatch. So he can wreck havoc if he goes rogue.

Data would never be able to pull off the shenanigans he did on Brothers against a Culture craft. Even if he’s not going up against a Mind but “only” the humanoid crew, he wouldn’t have such a crazy advantage.