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Cake day: June 12th, 2023

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  • Later in the article

    The warmest summer in the tree ring reconstruction before industrial times was year 246, but the researchers say that even this does not come close to the recent warmth.

    Even taking account of the large uncertainties, the authors say summer 2023 surpassed this range of natural climate variability by 0.5C at the very least.

    It is also worth looking at the graph later in the article, which shows that over the past 2k years the temperature has maintained a baseline, and post-industrial era it turned into a hockey stick.





  • “Violent protest is not protected — peaceful protest is," the president said. “It’s against the law when violence occurs. Destroying property is not a peaceful protest.”

    The president also said “no” to a separate shouted question asking whether he thinks the National Guard should intervene in the campus protests.

    The President is condemning violent protest and destruction of property here. It is still disheartening that this hasn’t changed his stance on Israel/Palestine.










  • There are 200 billion to 2 trillion galaxies, and in the Milky Way alone we have located at least 10 planets in the Goldilocks zone. That could mean at least 2 to 20 trillion Goldilocks planets, and this is an under-estimate because the scale of our search has been comparatively small. So it is likely that there actively exists plenty of tool-using, scientific, space-faring life forms out there as you read this.

    As for time scales, the heat death of the universe is estimated to occur in 1.7x10^106 (or, written out, 17000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000) years. Many, many planets will move into or out of Goldilocks zones in that time. And, depending on the source and the age of the information, we estimate the age of the universe to be 13 or 26 billion (or, 26,000,000,000) years. I added zeros so the two numbers could be visually compared, and you can see we are a very young universe.

    Combine these two points and you have ample time and opportunity for many, many civilizations to rise and fall. Where ten planets’ stars may be exploding, ten more may be just entering the prime conditions for life. So take comfort in the thought that we are, statistically speaking, not alone out here.